Over-Development

10/21/2010



We seem to have a way of self destructing. When we see a good thing, it is in our nature to use, over-use, and abuse that good thing, not knowing when to stop.

Boracay was once a pristine island. But its beauty attracted so many to the point of its near-destruction. Somewhere in the last decade, they lost control over the developments there. Any attempt to regulate and police construction on the islands just started and ended with the term of each local authority. There may have been laws in place but there is a lack of political will to enforce them.

The same is true with Tagaytay. The city used to have very strict building regulations; but now, the once green city has become a concrete jungle. Sooner or later, the cool breeze it has been known for will be gone because there will be more concrete than greenery.

In Baguio, the fresh pine scented air has been replaced with sickening diesel fumes. So much of the natural terrain has been carved out to make way for property development.

Even in the remote Tubataha Reefs, we have been too lax about the number and quality of divers allowed to visit the park and this has taken its toll as well. I shudder to imagine any more commercialization within the area.

Even the parks and free spaces very near our homes, which are often the only remaining greenbelt within the metropolis, are being built over with barangay halls, commercial centers, parking lots, and covered courts. Is this really the road to “development” or is this the certain way to our demise?

The authorities probably mean well, trying to chalk up brownie points for spending on infrastructure projects, but they may not be aware of the effects of all these man-made structures on our ecological future. Perhaps, some could be driven by greed, since more buildings mean potentially more income-generating space. Some are not aware that they have put nature on the balance, just on the verge of self destruction. We lack the awareness about, much less the will, to preserve a good thing. That is a sad commentary about development, an even sadder epitaph to nature.

In other countries, these natural gems are zealously protected. They know that when abused the natural attractions will be gone and cannot be replaced. Even in the middle of real-estate hungry New York City, their people have chosen to maintain the green expanse that is Central Park! In our case, unfortunately, no one cares enough to do something about over-development. We must resolve to analyze every building project and see how it will affect our surroundings, our environment, our future. We must put more effort in reinstating nature in our communities. If there is a choice between constructing and planting, we must always give Nature a fighting chance.

A Green Home in Subic

10/15/2010



To see it is to believe it. There is a lot of talk about green architecture but not as many examples. There are a few structures which were built as showcases of green concepts, showing the ecologically-sound and -sustainable features in place, but no one is there to validate if it works in actual everyday use. But with the help of some friends, I was able to meet and visit with the creator and resident of a real lived-in green home. The experience would turn any cynic into a believer of the green concept.

Meet Kevin Wickham and Sherry Apostol, who have made their home amid the lush rainforest of the Subic Bay Freeport Zone in Zambales.  Their home features green roofs, living walls, and passive cooling elements, all the key concepts of green architecture. They started off with a 250 sq.m. concrete duplex, originally built in the 1950s. The owner decided to eliminate the previous owners’ poorly planned renovations, opting for a modern feel with smooth cement block walls, porcelain tiles, and perforated aluminium ceiling panels. Aside from restoring the structure’s original footprint, the removal of the wood additions likewise made it easier to eradicate the termite infestation. He transformed the structure into a residence in the minimalist style with six variable-use rooms, including two home offices, while using 90% locally-made materials, thus keeping a tight rein on construction costs. The owner, also the principal of Terrain Concepts, specified that recycled fly ash from coal-burning power plants be used as an additive to the cement mix. He claims this method reduces the amount of concrete needed and strengthens the cement finish. He likewise specified non-VOC (volatile organic compound) paint to avoid toxic fumes. Natural cross ventilation is maximized through the home’s upper venting windows, while exterior custom sunshades, made from recycled tubular steel, contribute to its passive cooling system. A major feature of the home is a dramatic six-foot wide stairwell that opens up two floors. This technique, while an aesthetic plus, also works to help circulate and cool indoor air. No air-conditioning unit was installed as none seems to be necessary. Rainwater is collected with two 750 liter water tanks set up to accept water runoff from the roof. Gray water, or that used from showering, laundry, and dishwashing, is recycled and filtered for garden irrigation. Energy efficient fluorescent lighting was installed, instead of the usual incandescent bulbs to reduce energy use. Vertical planting was applied to the east and west facades of the home, as well as a green roof, to help insulate from heat and create more garden spaces. In fact, the couple has allotted a large part of their 1250 sq.m. grounds to the planting of vegetables in raised beds.

Living green is a great challenge for everyone. It takes a lot of creativity, intelligence, and dedication to achieve that perfect mix of the beautiful, liveable, and sustainable. But it is possible! 

View From the Hill

9/27/2010



“Down from the Hill, into the world go I… “So goes the hymn of my Alma Mater. These days, I hear it often after our basketball team wins the games. However, this piece is not about basketball but about living on a hill, seemingly high up above the world.

Living in the heart of the city has its advantages, such as being closer to malls, offices, commercial establishments… Mmm? Did I say these were advantages? Anyway, living outside the city has its advantages too.

If you have seen Metro Manila from a viewpoint in Antipolo, you would know what I mean. The smog is just awful, especially after realizing that we breathe it in everyday. Air-conditioning your homes may only make it worse since you need to contend with second hand air within your homes plus the fumes any household chemicals emit but we hardly notice anymore.

Within the city, it may not always be a good idea to step outside for a breath of air. The traffic, the noise, the floods just add further insult to injury. This is why it may be wise to move out and seek higher ground. There are people who decide to move away from the city and build their homes where the air is fresher. It must be nice to be able to take a stroll in the morning and possibly see a clear sunrise everyday, then later on to even catch a nice view of the sunset. Such moments could be priceless.

These are among the advantages enjoyed by residents of Alegria Hills in Cagayan de Oro. Although the community is merely 15 minutes away from the city, homeowners are rewarded with these invaluable perks. If only Manila had somewhere this beautiful truly 15 minutes from the metropolis, I would probably move out there too. 

People with Disability, Take Them an Extra Step

9/8/2010



People with Disability or PWD. I do not know if this is the politically correct term to refer to the Disabled or Handicapped sector, but the basic truth is that these are the people we must take great care to consider when designing buildings particularly in public areas. They are the VIPs in our society, along with senior citizens, infants, and small children. Although they may be a minority among the users and patrons of malls, parks, amusement centers, or sports complexes, we cannot disregard their concerns and needs. Perhaps the very fact that their requirements were never met previously had been the reason for their lack of patronage of such areas. They could have been the People We Denied.

I used to base my designs on standard accessibility codes, which generally work very well. However, nothing beats actually pushing and steering a loved one in a wheel chair in crowded places like malls, exhibition halls and indoor ball games to really appreciate the dire need for better facilities.

There are malls that are very friendly to people with disability, such as Ayala Center, Makati and the new Eastwood Mall. It is quite easy for wheel chairs and strollers to navigate from the parking lot into the mall. In our country, we are blessed with having close-knit families that frequently move around in a group. So more often than not, wheeled vehicles are manually pushed, rather than motorized. It is not enough then to put ramps in place just to satisfy the basic codes, but these must be done correctly, with the proper slope, width, and safety features.

The most common problem with doors is that these do not open automatically and if no doorman or guard is around to assist, it will be difficult for the person on a wheelchair to enter. In some toilets for the handicapped, door closers make it difficult to push in a wheelchair while keeping the door open, even if the wheelchair bound person is assisted by someone else.

At the Araneta Center, it is not so easy to get from the mall to the coliseum in a wheel chair. Although there are ramps installed in some places, these are not sufficiently indicated and guards and ushers are not even aware of them and so are unable to direct those concerned. To add to the difficulty, these ramps are blocked by impudent business establishments that appropriate it for their outdoor seating, overgrown plant boxes, or signage. The authorities must require full compliance with the regulations that are in every building code.

In exhibition halls like the World Trade Center, there must be an ongoing policing of the organizers and exhibitors who carelessly put up their displays and booths with hazardous electrical wires crisscrossing the floor, making it difficult and dangerous to manoeuvre a wheelchair. This situation should have been anticipated and solutions installed beforehand.

I hope that the administrators of these facilities review their safety handbooks and consult their architects to rectify the problems. It is bad enough that some people have to be in wheelchairs. The least we can do is to make our surroundings a little easier and safer for them.
Experience is the best teacher. This is why I believe that every architect and architecture student must experience pushing a wheelchair or assisting an elderly person in a public place to better understand their needs. This could convince them that designing merely to meet the standards may not be enough. We must take an extra step for them. They ought to be the People We Defend. 

Coping with Change

8/26/2010



There have been a lot of discussions regarding climate change and global warming. We have listened and perhaps even participated with varying degrees of interest and concurrence. We eagerly waited for the people’s great and radical responses to begin. But what do we really expect to happen? Are we content to just sit and wait for others to move? In the construction sector, we should be taking a more active stance to address the environmental issues that face us today. There may be imminent changes in the norms regarding the way we design our houses. We ought to re-think how we have been building, without heed for our effect on nature. How well are we coping with the changes in our environment?

Our local climate is getting warmer, winds are becoming stronger, floodwaters rise haphazardly, which could indicate that the standard design system introduced several decades ago may not be applicable today. For example, the minimum required slopes set by roofing suppliers may no longer be sufficient to withstand leaks brought about by stronger winds. Wind load factors considered in designing roof framing systems may need to be adjusted. The usual house elevations may have to be revisited to prepare for the intermittent rise in water levels.

More than ever, insulation may need to be considered more seriously. These materials with which we shield our walls and ceilings are the unheralded help that cuts down energy costs by reducing the requirements for cooling. In tropical countries, insulation products are mostly limited to roofing systems. However, there is a need to use these in other areas as well, such as walls, fenestrations, and ceilings.

Some of today’s building standards may soon become obsolete and the current green features that are still considered a novelty may actually be the new standards to follow. Basic planning norms, based on orientation, may be further analyzed scientifically through computer modelling to protect specific spaces from direct sunlight and heat.

Specifications of materials as to their insulating properties must be explored. There are a number of new products in glass, paints, and roofing that have improved insulating properties. The ones applicable to the structure must be recommended. There are new developments in air conditioning systems that are more energy efficient. There are likewise plumbing systems that are economically and environmentally preferable.

To play an active role in coping with the huge changes in our environment, we have to become more informed consumers, more responsible builders. We have to seek out professionals who can advise us on the best options for our particular needs. In designing homes, you may need your architect more than ever, because in the long run, a properly designed house will not only increase your comfort level in the home but reduce your energy costs, making homes more liveable, more sustainable, and better able to cope with the change. 

Water, Water everywhere

8/11/2010



“Water, water everywhere, nor any drop to drink.” Lines from the “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” by Coleridge still spring to our lips to this day, albeit under totally different scenarios. However, in either case, something remains terribly wrong with the notion. In the present day, it is a case of either our rivers drying up or raging with flood waters. This paradox could be a sign of an unhealthy environment.

There are a number of reasons for this sorry state. Deforestation, as propagated by irresponsible logging, is the primary killer as it denudes the mountains, accelerates erosion, hampers streams, and changes water flow in the lowlands. The effect of this chain of events you can see in the dry riverbeds during the summer and the flooding during the rainy season. Homes near waterways or on hillsides are at risk.

In addition, when garbage and other toxic substances are dumped in our water ways, the bloodstream, our life line gets really infected. This dirty water seeps into the soil and could contaminate not just our dams but even our agricultural lands. Homes that drill pumps for daily use may be endangered.

There are several places in mountainous areas that still have continuous flowing water right at their doorstep. However, uncontrolled development in such areas could soon take its toll.  There is no regulation imposed on the number of buildings placed along the hills. The forests are being replaced with houses. What were once tranquil free-flowing streams are now trickles congested with garbage. They have been converted into a conveyor for waste disposal.  It is such a sorry site when you see beautiful rock formations surrounded by water that is silted and full of trash. Yes, nature is generous, but so prone to our abuse. Not enough warning or scolding about landslides and flooding seem to make us do something about it.

Government policies are not enough. The people must be made aware. They must be educated as early as the cradle. The concept of caring for the environment it must sink in or else we are sunk.

If only:

If only government agencies can control the development by having policies in place on where and how one should build.
If only we can have effective garbage collection systems and disposal that will force and encourage residents to stop throwing their garbage into our water ways.
If only the residents are conscientious enough and aware that doing otherwise is bad for our environment.
If only our water supply can be distributed properly, then people in Baguio need not crowd around the only places where water is available.
If we can start planting even more trees to replenish our forests.
If only squatting is not tolerated or even encouraged by the local officials.
If only both public and private developers would install as a standard sewerage treatment facilities, then our waterways would remain clean.
If only there is less greed.
If only there is more concern for the environment.
If only there is more concern for others.

In other parts of the world, potable water flows continuously 24/7 from spouts in every village plaza. How I wish we could have those here too. It is a sure sign of a healthy environment.  Now that is sustainable! 

Windows of the World

7/29/2010



Some sage once said that the eyes are the windows of the soul. The eyes could reveal the range of one’s emotions, thoughts, personality, and state of mind and enable the seer to learn and appreciate his surroundings. Meanwhile another construction sage contends that the windows are the eyes of the home. Therefore like eyes, windows hold one of the highest potentials for discovering the type of persons living within. They likewise allow these people to see and learn about the things around them.

As with eyes, it must be possible to secure windows from overly-curious onlookers when necessary. For this reason, we may choose to install screens, shutters, or drapes. Aside from providing protection, these can greatly beautify and distinguish the building itself. Sometimes, the window can be the strongest selling point of a house. Its appearance can dictate the total look and ambience of the room, if not the whole house. Realizing this, many real estate developers spend a lot to design, fit, construct, and adorn the windows of their model units with the latest in glare-free glass, smoothest sliding panels, coolest blinds, and most elegant curtains. And true enough, this is money well-spent.

I have always been fascinated by windows. And it seems that through the years and all over the world, there are others who have been too. This is evident from the homey country shutters of France, to the romantic balcony windows of Venice, and to the stately glass windows of Vienna, many of which are still charming to this day. Each one has a distinct look that has persisted because it speaks of the temperament of its residents and at the same time has proven suitable to their weather and their needs.

Like my daughter who takes photos of every furry cat we see, I seem to have the same feeling about windows. I think windows are a unique opportunity to see and recognize the culture and traits of people. They are mute and candid testament to their personality and way of life. 

The Chapel of St. Loup, An Origami Structure

7/19/2010



With the aid of a GPS (Global Positioning System) unit and after navigating a few winding roads, we finally found this design marvel, The Chapel of St. Loup, in a little village of the same name in the south of Switzerland. Due to its seemingly simple and lightweight structure with paper-like folds, it has been called an origami chapel. The structure is something one might not expect in Switzerland, its architecture being very modern against a backdrop of historical buildings. And probably because of this, it is like a breath of fresh air amid all the old towns one sees in Europe.

The little chapel, run by the Catholic nuns of the Deaconess Community of St. Loup, does not blend in with the hospital complex surrounding it, but unabashedly stands out and surprisingly complements it. This building was erected by Local Architecture and Arch. Danilo Mondada, which had won a competition in 2007 to restore the nuns’ historic motherhouse, including their 200-year old chapel, but had to build a temporary place of worship for the good sisters. With the help of Professor Yves Weinhard and Dr. Hani Buri of ETH University in Zurich, a diminutive structure was designed, something that had to be inexpensive and weather-friendly, but not an eyesore within the hospital grounds. The pair had been researching methods to create strength and rigidity in small structures by adopting the principles of origami. With this project, their method of combining design and structural analysis to develop novel geometrical forms was put to the test.

The chapel makes use of 7-meter high timber panels for walls that fold like an accordion at a slant to support the roof that rises up to 12 meters over the nave,  without the need for a pre-existing linear framework but joined by folded metal plates. The wall behind the altar is made of copper-coated glass, which lets in plenty of light but remains kind to the eyes. In addition, transparent plastic panels in the gable sides are covered with fabric to allow natural light through. The wooden panels were produced by digital laser-cutting and assembled on site by local carpenters. Although sturdy, the building can be dismantled and rebuilt as needed. In fact, the structure was put up in less than two months.

We have to admire the ingenuity and daring of the design team, in creating a unique, functional, and attractive structure. It is novel ideas such as this that make architecture such an exciting and rewarding field. 

Celebrating the Old and Relishing the New

7/19/2010



Europe is so rich in culture that touring its cities and countryside can only inspire awe. With the many buildings and structures I encounter I am struck by the dates etched on their walls. Some of these date back to the early centuries AD, making even our local 18th century buildings seem current. Their people can boast the skill to create structures that were built to last but most of all, the wisdom to value and preserve these masterpieces of their race.


It is wonderful that the people who live amid the historical treasures can see beyond their daily grind and choose to preserve the styles of their heritage. They refuse to sacrifice the past to the lure of modernity and convenience.


In most of the countryside of France, there are village rules that restrict the kinds of improvements the owners can make to existing buildings, including limiting the structure’s footprint and its height. This move helps maintain the beauty and tranquility of the surroundings. In the quaint towns outside Geneva, the old chalet-style houses are still very much in use. Along the quaysides of Venice, the beautiful antique buildings are still viable homes, hotels, or workplaces.


We do have our own historical architectural treasures but many are being torn down haphazardly, not only because there are no laws against doing so, but also there is a grave lack of regard for our heritage.


It saddens me whenever I see our old edifices being demolished under the guise of modernization. It is not a matter of replicating what was once lost; it is all about preserving that which we have left. In architectural school, all students are obliged to study the history of buildings and structures. However, there is no subject dealing directly with their preservation. There is little effort to inspire respect and appreciation for the old structures. Perhaps that is why our young builders are quick to design high-rise buildings, modern malls, or even adapt styles from foreign shores. Very few are interested in reviving the glory of our own past.

The Church of St. Benedict: A Beacon of Prayer

7/19/2010



Just outside the entrance of the Ayala Westgrove Heights, a few minutes from Sta. Rosa, stands the Church of St. Benedict. It is a gift to the community by the developer, Ayala Land.


In conceiving the project, the designers had to look to the roots of faith experience and discover what people really need to pray. In this modern world, we talk fast, eat fast, travel fast and even pray fast.


Our impatience to get to the end and our focus on completion rather than on the process is a real danger. For instance, when we read the scripture too quickly, we may miss the message or when we recite prayers mechanically, we are not comforted by the faith in the words. All these have a power all its own and we do not reap it. St. Benedict realized that power, so he took the time to let prayer work within him. It is hoped that his inspiration and example would help the community glean more from attentive, purposeful prayer.


Designed in his honor
This, likewise, was the way this church was designed in his honor. It took more than five years from conceptualization to completion. Now it is a reality.


St. Benedict initiated and was committed to the monastic system. During the fifth century he was able to set up 12 monasteries in Subiaco, Italy, one of which is the Abbey in Subiaco. This monastery has a distinct Mediterranean character and has served as one of the inspirations for this church.


From the proportions of the façade and the roofing to the rose window and the long and narrow openings, the church in Westgrove resembles that Abbey. Features such as the arches, bell tower and the courtyard framing the church were also inspired by the same model, each one allowing some space and shield from the outside.


Indoors, the air is passively cooled by clerestory windows and the lofty ceiling, although air-conditioners are in place. Lighting is muted, with the stained glass windows providing charming illumination. There is also a glow from the altar because of the patina of gold leaf behind the crucifix, which was taken from a vision of St. Benedict.


Symbol of our faith
From the time of the early Christians until today, the cross has been the symbol of our faith. From the writings of St. Gregory the Great, we learned that St. Benedict had a deep faith in the Cross and worked miracles with the sign of the Cross. It is from this Cross of St. Benedict that the cross at the top of the church was modeled.
In the medal of St Benedict, there is inscribed Crux Sacra sit mihi lux, which means: “May the Holy Cross be my light.” Indeed, may the Holy Cross and this church serve as the community’s light.

Choosing a School for our Future Builders

6/2/2010



To help ensure a bright future for architecture in our country, it is important to care for the education and exposure of our architecture students. Like any parent of a college freshman, I too had to analyze and compare the various learning institutions available and guide my daughter’s decision on where we would be entrusting the next four or five years of her growth.

One of the critical factors that shaped our decision was the learning environment present in each school. Surroundings influence the occupants of any place. Many psychological studies have shown that a person’s feelings, temperament, learning, and ideals can be heavily colored by wherever they reside, work, or spend substantial time. To illustrate, the beautiful statues and structures in Greece are not unique occurrences in that country. There are so many masterpieces existing all over the isles that we know this love and appreciation for the perfect form and grace is actually a reflection of the general populace. Many Greeks created these masterpieces; their people accepted and revered them. Therefore, we know that beauty is a commonality for this people. It is something that they live and breathe, and so quite naturally, create. Even centuries later, present day artists still get inspired by the Greek concept of beauty. So definitely, environment plays a big factor in creativity.

Studying in beautiful surroundings exposes the young minds to better aesthetic standards than they may be used to. They are able to break out of the design limitations that they previously had. They may be able to refine or correct their old design misconceptions. I have heard of new students who are assigned to draw their ideal home. Those who live in smaller houses tend to design structures with lower ceiling heights, while those who have been around expansive rooms are more inclined to input such into their creations.

In addition, freedom of space and movement can be conducive to learning. Cramped spaces may be constricting and limiting. Although seasoned designers can argue that it is possible to create beauty even in the worst conditions, such a gift is not common to neophytes and is only possible after a complete basic formation and sufficient experience.
It would be nice if most parts of the school are accessible to the students. Only a fraction of the school’s area must be off limits. They must be able to use and appreciate most of the places in the school, just like in their own homes, not covered up in dust cloth for visitors alone. I have seen institutions with huge empty halls reserved only for the occasional special guests, while students are squeezed into small classrooms and study areas.

Aside from the building itself, the faculty must likewise be scrutinized. Even if they are all accomplished professionals, do they still have the time and passion to teach? Hopefully they are not too busy with their private practice that they cannot be reasonably present and available for their students.

For the very impressionable youth, a school’s appearance plays a vital role in their decision. But who can blame them? After all, they are about to pick their second home, the place where they will be spending most of their time, the place they will be known by hereafter.

My daughter has now made her choice of school. At this point, we can only hope we have made the right decision. 

Batanes: Pure Filipino Spirit

5/19/2010



Pure, authentic, undiluted. These words describe the architecture of Batanes.
Although meager resources, limited choices of construction materials, and severe weather conditions can seem such negative factors, the confluence of these in the province has also been the crucible that purified gold. In this case, it created the distinct architecture found in our northernmost islands.

Batanes is our country’s front liner when it comes to the typhoons brewing from the North. The harsh weather required a kind of structure that could withstand the strong winds. Hence, the Ivatans fashioned squat, stone houses, with walls about three feet thick and small windows with thick wooden shutters that could easily be boarded up. Iron and steel are strong but readily corroded by the salt sea air; so these are used sparingly.

The province’s distance from mainland Luzon, not to mention the rough waters surrounding it, made the transportation of new construction materials difficult and expensive. It was more economical to use what was commonly available. So, the natives used limestone rocks and corals for their walls and the dried cogon grass for their roofing. Hardwood is hard to come by, only found in certain wind-protected areas of the island; so, much of the wood used is the same as that used for the local boats. To this day, we find this special architectural mix most particularly in this province. 

Despite its remoteness, the resolute Spanish friars still found their way to its shores and imparted some of their influence on the towns. This is visible, not just in the whitewashed mission churches, but likewise in the inherited technology of bonding the stone and framing the roof and replacing the flimsy cogon and thatch roofs with clay tiles.

So much more can be said about the Ivatan structures. We can analyze their every feature and explain their origins and practicality. However, it is only when we see the actual homes, town buildings, and churches that we can appreciate the personality and circumstance of the Ivatan. With these photos taken by renowned photographer, Joy Jesena-Barcelon, we may get a feel of that distinct architectural character: the simplicity of lifestyle, the strength and tenacity of the people, the purity and utility of design, and that unique Filipino spirit. 

Helping the Unsung Heroes of the Real Estate Industry

5/5/2010



Whenever I travel abroad and meet our countrymen gainfully employed and doing a good job there, I want to pump their hand in thanks and congratulations. I have come to realize, albeit they have not, that they are my unsung heroes. From domestic helpers to licensed professionals working abroad, this demographic sector makes up a large percentage of the buyers and investors in our country’s real estate industry. They are the reason why real estate continues to sell despite tough times, from socialized housing all the way to the high end properties.

Arguably, the most significant impetus behind the real estate industry in our country today is attributable to our overseas contract workers. This group includes our nurses and caregivers in Britain and the US, our engineers in the Middle East, our hospitality professionals in Macau, our domestic workers in Hong Kong and Singapore, as well as the seamen plying the international waters of the world. Their love for family inspires them to withstand the challenges of employment abroad and motivates them to send back most of their earnings, towards the ultimate dream of buying, building, owning the home of their dreams. It is awesome and deeply moving when you really think about it.

What then is the apt response to this work force that drives our economy forward?

From the government, we expect and demand not merely the enactment of laws for their protection from illegal recruiters and unjust or abusive employers, but also concrete incentives to show encouragement and how much we value their contribution, by way of more benefits for their families here and less bureaucratic burdens for them. The financial sector could fashion friendlier loan packages and more attractive investment options. From the construction sector itself, perhaps developers could come up with projects that are more tailor-fit to the situation and needs of this sector. Perhaps, we should envision projects closer to their original hometown or design houses that are efficient and flexible enough to grow along with their financial capability.

The government, the banks, and the developers could sit down together and help the overseas breadwinner achieve his goals. Such concerted efforts will make it easier for the worker to choose to invest his money in wise and beneficial projects, rather than reckless extravagances elsewhere. If we make the home-bound investment option attractive and accessible, the dedicated and hard-working person will take that high road. In that case, everybody wins.

There is much we can do to support their dreams and ambitions. Doing so would certainly benefit the country’s economy as well.

I can't Live Without Water

4/22/2010



I can live without electricity but I cannot survive without water. Home builders and home buyers set great importance on the stability of the water supply. On the national scale, a big factor in assuring our water supply is the preservation of our watersheds. A watershed is defined as a ridge of high land dividing areas that are drained by different river systems. In our country we have several watershed reservations, among which are the Upper Agno, Angat, Caliraya-Lumot, Makiling-Banahaw, Tiwi, Magat, Pantabangan, Lake Lanao-Agus, and Agusan. These serve as our country’s water storage tanks. Without these watersheds, we cannot efficiently store water. Landscape design consultants lament the shrinkage of our watersheds, making it harder to tap ground water for natural irrigation. To date, no significant program has been put in place to preserve them and even the remaining watersheds are in peril. There is just so much greed and irresponsibility in the treatment of our mountains and forests that our water supply is now in real danger. The laws that prohibit indiscriminate logging and dictate a total log ban are neither indiscriminately applied nor total. Reforestation programs seem to wither faster than weeds. Rapid soil erosion makes planting new trees even more difficult.

What are we to do? We may not be able to increase the water supply, but there are things we can do to arrest the downtrend.

We must actively support tree planting activities, even just within our parks and yards. This is a great step we can make to reverse imminent water shortage during the summer months and flooding during the rainy season.

We must resolve to conserve water. We can come up with creative ways to recycle water. According to water recycling specialist, Albert Roselada, even though the initial phases of recycling may seem more expensive than the actual cost of producing water now, the future value and benefits of the endeavour are immeasurable. We can design into our buildings the capability to store, treat, and re-channel laundry and shower water so that it may be used for flushing, yard work, washing cars, and irrigation. That could save you around 50% of your water consumption. Rainwater may also be collected and used in a variety of ways.

Ask your builder to install water saving devices. Sometimes, even the correct placement of tanks and pipes will optimize the use of water in the house. It may be good to install urinals in homes since these require less water than water closets.
I am still not too keen on waterless flushing systems because chemicals are used that may be harmful to the environment. Perhaps future models will be safer.

In some places, the natives’ water source is simply the mountain stream.
These streams and rivers are the veritable blood vessels of such communities. Should they dry up, the other parts of the village will definitely suffer. It is therefore necessary for the people to ensure that the structures they build will not pollute or destroy the waterways.

In my opinion, should our oil supplies run out, we may yet find in it the silver lining by way of reduced exhaust fumes, decreased pollution, less traffic jams, lower noise levels. Everyone could end up using bikes and electric cars. However, if our water supply runs out, then it will presage the end of civilization, the end of life. 

Architecture as a Career

4/22/2010



In this season of graduations and new beginnings, I want to offer my two cents’ worth to the youth who want to embark on architecture as a career. I hope some will be encouraged to undertake the challenge and reap the harvest; perhaps others will find that their passion lies elsewhere.

PASSION
Architecture must be your passion. One thing great about being passionate with your work is that you could easily give your best doing what you like. As they say, choose a job that you enjoy and you will never work for the rest of your life. You must consider architecture, construction and design, enjoyable and fulfilling, not merely a glamorous or available option. In addition, it comes with a built-in opportunity to serve. There is nothing better than enjoying your work, earning from it, and being able to help others in the process.

SERVICE
Architecture is service. Architects do not design or build out of whim. Unlike musicians or painters who can practice their craft solely for their own enjoyment, this gift is meant to be a service for others. Unfortunately, this simple fact is often overlooked. Now that materialism abounds, a lot of actions can be motivated by the wrong reasons. Media and advertising have dictated how our lifestyle should be. Life has become more complicated. Some people live beyond their means. I have heard of people who own several luxury cars but borrow the money to send their children to school. Some spend on grand tours and cruises then pressure themselves later at work to be able to pay their debts. Some own huge houses yet work themselves to death, robbing their families of quality time, just to be able to pay the monthly amortization and maintenance. Still others would splurge on expensive cell phones or other gadgets they do not really need.

Such a lifestyle has a direct effect on our attitude and our practice. It brings our focus on ourselves and not on others. Our actions can become self serving. One might be driven by a lust for pride, fame, and money. The name of the game becomes accumulating more at the quickest possible time because, sadly, society often measures success by what one has materially, not by what you are as a person.

RESPONSIBILITY
Architecture is a great responsibility. It coincides with the power to decide and affect lives. This responsibility extends beyond those who commissioned and paid for the job. The ultimate responsibility is to the greater majority, including those in the next generation. If we limit our responsibility and loyalty only to our clients, then we are no better than hired guns.

You may be asked to design a project that will have adverse implications on the surrounding community or gravely affect the environment. It is one’s responsibility to steer the clients toward a win-win situation. You may be asked to specify sub-standard materials which may affect safety just to fit a budget and increase the developer’s profit. Even if you are directly under their payroll, you must remain strong and do what is right.

There are many other skills and qualifications you would need to become an architect. Many of these can be learned. But there are others that require a deeper conviction, a stronger base. Those are the most significant but often untold qualifications to becoming a good architect. 

Philippine Taliesin Shelter Project, The New “Bayanihan”

3/16/2010



When bright young graduates find employment abroad, I experience some mixed emotions. I am happy that they are confident of themselves and proud that they have proved their mettle in the world job market. At the same time, I am apprehensive that our country is missing out on the rich contribution of this fresh batch to our own development. I can only hope that after they have sown and harvested of their talents abroad, they can find it in themselves to show their care and concern for their own nation. Along this line, I am greatly heartened by the noble and admirable efforts of such a stellar young architect who, after proving herself in the international arena, has collaborated with Philippine institutions to mentor capable young professionals and students back home.

Architect Lira Luis is the first Filipino protégé at Frank Lloyd Wright’s Taliesin Institute. She is a licensed architect in the Philippines, USA, and UK and a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Accredited Professional. Hoping to cultivate and encourage new professionals, she has spearheaded the alliance of the Directors of the Taliesin Fellows and Frank Lloyd Wright School of Architecture, the University of the Philippines College of Architecture, and the University of San Carlos College of Architecture. This distinguished coalition is undertaking the Philippine Taliesin Shelter project set in the booming area of Fort Bonifacio, Taguig, beginning the second quarter 2010.

The project would be an application of the learning-by-doing methodology of Frank Lloyd Wright by a handpicked team of Filipino students, under the mentorship of graduate students and directors of the Frank Lloyd Wright Taliesin Fellowship. The team will be tasked to build a shelter that will demonstrate organic principles as applied in the Philippine setting. This collaboration will pave the way for a new “bayanihan” of the 21st century. The end result will be the country’s first entry in the LEED roster of green structures in the residential category.

Architect Lira Luis’ studio will mentor the participating architecture students in the LEED application component of the project along with the US Green Building Council. She says, “With the participation of an architecture icon’s foundation such as Frank Lloyd Wright’s Taliesin and the architecture students from the country’s premier universities, this project could potentially help put the Philippines on the architecture global map.”

The benefits of this venture are manifold. It is significant exposure for young designers; it is a great push for green architecture and a positive vote for the Philippines.

At Home in My Office

3/4/2010



Due to awesome advances in technology, people can now access and communicate with the world any time, every time. This fortunate development allows people more options regarding their work and their workplace. Work areas no longer have to be uniform and rigid. In fact, in some companies, the status attached to owning a “corner office” no longer exists. Because different people have different work habits, some employees, particularly those who work in the creative fields, are often allowed the freedom to choose when and where to work in order to best extract their greatest potential. In addition, the quicker and more stress-free it is to reach one’s work place, the more productive the worker becomes. He can tackle his project in a relaxed frame of mind and is more comfortable physically. If circumstances permit, the ideal would be to create a more convenient and accessible work place, perhaps, one close to, if not right within the home.

My job as an architect requires a great deal of focus and inspiration. Fortunately, I need not always be in my real office to be able to conceptualize and design my projects. The main office has come to be more of a place for meetings, consultations, and production work. The creative side surfaces in less structured places. I have discovered that another great place of work for me is when I’m close to nature or beautiful surroundings. I like working in a relaxed atmosphere. In fact, when you find that perfect work place for you, it may not even feel like working at all!

However, my profession also requires that I be up and about on a daily basis. I do not always have the stretches of time to travel and find nature where it abounds. This is why I built myself a home-office. I designed it based on my personal specifications and idiosyncrasies. Although much smaller than my real office, it has everything I need to do my job. It is my personal space that I can change and re-arrange whenever I feel like it. There is no definite theme; there are no rules. I can leave my things lying around and find them the next day exactly how I left them. I can select and display the most sublime or the wackiest works of art and my favorite family pictures from which to draw inspiration. Lights are warm, subdued, and indirect, but can be controlled when the need arises. I can work as early or as late as I want, depending on my mood. A great part of my work involves a lot of thinking while doing nothing physically. I provided corners for doing just that, nooks in which to sit and read, sketch, or just imagine.

The trick is to carve out a workplace that is perfect for one’s need and preference at the particular time. It does not have to be large; however, it should be flexible enough to allow you to redecorate or move things around when you change your mind. But it must always have all the accoutrements of your work right there when you need them. If you love travel or nature, mementoes of your vacation spots or a pocket garden could motivate your daily activity. The seating, lighting, and décor should be comfortable but not sleep-inducing.

My small home office is where many architectural design concepts are born. It is also where I work and recharge at the same time. Truly, I am at-home in my office! 

Quest For Filipino Architecture

2/18/2010



Due to his idealism and nationalism, there is a niggling issue that keeps coming up in the mind of the young Filipino architect: the question of having a Filipino architectural identity. Oftentimes, the simplest questions are the most difficult to answer.

I submit that we lack an architectural identity. This may be due to the numerous events that influenced our country. There are Moorish influences in Mindanao, Spanish influences in the Visayas and Luzon, and modern American influences in our cities. We do have the vernacular or native Filipino houses but these can likewise be found in other tropical settings, which make it unfair to claim the style as our very own. We do have the “bahay na bato”, but its distinguishing characteristics also come from Spain, our most influential colonizer. And when these styles were introduced in real estate residential development, they did not sell very well because they did not seem to appeal to the real Filipino taste.

In a gathering of architects back in the 70’s, my father remembers that no less than Leandro Locsin, our national artist for architecture, claimed that he is saddened by the fact that we do not have our own distinct Filipino architecture. On this point, I am certain another national artist, Bobby Manosa, will disagree. He seems to have captured a style that we now classify as Filipino Architecture. Through the inspiration of the “kubo” and the use of locally available materials, he was able to establish a style that is generally acknowledged as Filipino.

In addition, more Filipinos today could have been influenced by their travels and by what they see in media. Our culture is highly exposed to other cultures bought about by the phenomenon of overseas contract workers, who upon coming home, wanted to live like they did abroad. This is probably why themed real estate developments became so successful. A good developer knows what his market wants; a true Filipino architect must know how to address the desires of the Filipino. As a result, a plethora of design styles thrived on our shores. This view may not appeal to the idealistic Filipino nationalist on the quest for our very own architectural identity. In the same manner that there are TV shows that may be described as “baduy” or tacky that do not appeal to some of us, yet appeal to so many of our “kababayans”. So who are we to argue that it is not Filipino when it appeals to a clear majority?

So what is Filipino architecture? I believe the answer to this is as diverse as the views of everyone willing to give their own definition. There surely is architecture in the Philippines, but not a distinctly Filipino one. That character that distinguishes our architecture is still in progress, the same way that a young child is still growing into his adult form. It took China, Italy, and Spain millennia to shape their respective identities; other Asian neighbors, like Japan, Indonesia, and Thailand, have preserved theirs for centuries. We still have a long way to go. All attempts at fashioning our own are welcome. Like children, we continue to explore our surroundings. We have yet to discover what really works for us. We are on a quest for architectural identity.

For now, I believe that a structure designed by a Filipino, which addresses the needs of Filipinos is Filipino architecture. 

Stairs to Your Health

2/4/2010



Some clients have asked me to design houses for them with the master bedroom on the ground floor, presuming that when they grow old, they can avoid using the stairs. But how old is old? What I have noticed is that those who have gotten used to climbing up and down the stairs are healthier; living proof of this are my parents who are well into their 80’s and still navigate those steps several times daily. This is probably because of the forced workout they have to do each day walking up and down stairs that actually keeps them healthy. Of course this is only beneficial if the stairs are properly designed and built to avoid accidents. To this end, here are a few practical tips.

Avoid straight flights from one floor to the next.  It is better to have landings midway between floors, especially for longer or steeper stairs. Ideally, straight flights must not exceed 10 steps but if they do, a landing must be provided. The landings must be wide enough for at least one person to sit or stand and rest.

Use non-slip materials. Wood is an excellent material for stairs. For exterior applications exposed to the elements, non-skid tiles or textured stone would provide the necessary traction.

Steps must be flat and not sloping. Each step must be level and wide enough to accommodate the whole foot. The ideal step width is between 30 to 35 cm. Even the nosing on the edges must be installed with care because any protrusion or unevenness is potentially dangerous.

Risers must not be too high. The ideal rise is around 15 to 18 centimeters per step, consistent over the whole flight of stairs to ensure a comfortable ascent.

The use of railings is a must and these must be easy to hold. The hand hold must be easy to grasp.

Sometimes a narrower width of stairway is safer than wide ones because you can grab the railings on both sides. However, the stairway must be wide enough for at least two people to pass each other.

There are other factors that you may want to look into regarding stair safety. Any door must be at least a few feet away from the stairs, enough for these to swing fully without hitting people along the stairway.

Particularly if your stairs are made of wood, avoid placing and storing flammable items underneath. Often the stairs are still your best emergency exit and you would want it to be a safe place to be in case of fire.

Some homeowners might think that because of a limited space they have to contend with steeply sloping stairs. Instead, they must ask their architects for a better solution to address their safety and comfort; after all, there are always several options in making it safer and more comfortable, such as converting the landing into additional steps or putting in a spiral staircase. In fact, spiral staircases are safer than you may suppose, as long as these are properly designed and constructed.

However you regard your stairs, whether as merely a way to get from one floor to the other or as the focal point of your building, the safety and comfort of its use must always be a prime consideration. In fact, with the best design in place, your stairs can work for you in more ways than ordinary: as a decorative feature, as an extra storage or resting spot, or even as an exercise tool! So, here’s to stairs to your health! 

Free Form

1/20/2010



With the inquisitive stance of an aspiring architect, my daughter Ariel once asked me why buildings are mostly square and rectangular. Tall buildings, in particular, are often a standard shape, with very straight lines. Why indeed?

We do not often encounter objects in nature that are in a very straight line. Often, the rigid symmetry is how we determine if an object found in a natural setting is man-made or not. Take for instance the Yonaguni monument, off the Yonaguni Island in Japan. It is a pyramidal structure found under the sea where the only clue that it could be man-made is its perfectly rectangular and plumbed surfaces.

So why is it that most buildings, even the so-called ecologically designed ones, are constructed straight when that is a very “un-natural” state?

It could be due to the availability of materials. When we cut wood or get it from the lumber yard, we invariably get straight portions. Our machines for cutting and planing are likewise built for straight wood. Generally, straight lines are easier to work with, since even our older drawing tools, such as straightedges, T-squares, and rulers, make it easier to draw straight lines rather than free forms. Even the standard modules of our furniture, such as beds and tables, are mostly square, rectangular, or round. In the past, we hardly ever saw these in free form. However, some avant-garde designers are now coming up with beautiful furniture in eye-catching free form. Could it be possible that free form buildings are not very far behind?

Gaudi, the Spanish architect, seems to have thought out this same question long ago when he went way beyond the norm and pursued free form for a more “natural” look to his structures. Looking at his designs, we are, by turns, shocked, amazed, and challenged. The effect on the viewer ranges from awe to repulsion, but always the design brings out some reaction. Perhaps, that is exactly what Gaudi had intended, a return to the true shapes of nature.

In this information age of computers, the rigidity of form is already breaking down.  Forms in architectural design are beginning to take a more natural shape and now more than ever it has become quite easy to plan it that way. Computers are enabling architects to widen their repertoire of shapes and contours, enabling them to manipulate and combine materials to suit their new purpose.

As an example, we can note the revolutionary complexes rising in Macau, China, such as the City of Dreams. The shapes are unusual, the materials used are varied. It is likewise interesting to see the effect it inspires on anyone who sees it firsthand. You will be surprised by the creativity and technology employed, awed by the grandeur and magic in every corner. Truly, the movement toward free form structures is rapidly changing our landscape.